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1 General Around 1,000 tunnellers from all over the world assembled in Agra, India, from September 19th to 25th, 2008, for the 34th Annual Meeting of the ITA – International Tunnel-ing and...

Optimal harmonisation between the subsoil and the process technology is of decisive importance in tunnelling. The more frequently changing subsoil conditions can occur, the less their extent can be...

The tunnel consists of 2 parallel tubes with an external diameter of roughly 11  m, a 45  cm thick segmental lining and connecting passages set every 500  m between the tubes. This results...

The Eisenach–Görlitz A 4 federal motorway is highly significant as an important west-east axis in the German and European highway network (European highway E 40). It connects the East German...

As part of the new M7 motorway development in the southwest of Ireland, the 4-lane route crosses the Shannon near Limerick, a few km before the river flows directly into the Atlantic. Centrepiece of...

Opened with line M1 in 1896 when the Hungarian capital celebrated its millennium, the Budapest Metro is the second oldest Underground system in Europe – after the London Underground. Since then, the...

Europe is edging closer together along its major traffic arteries under construction. The expansion of the high-speed rail links, co-financed by the EU with a contribution of about 10  %, shows in...

The Tauern Tunnel is part of the Tauern motorway from Salzburg to Villach/A. The first tube of the 6.4  km long tunnel was started in 1971 and completed in 1975 (Figs. 2 and 3). It is numbered...

Need for Compressed Air Work In the case of the hydro-shield method accesses for the recovery of obstacles, which cannot be removed by means of the cutting wheel as well as for checking and replacing...