Cost Model for Estimating the Construction Costs of Tunnels
![<span class="zahl_bildunterschrift">2</span> Basic variants of conventional and cut and cover methods including cross-sectional illustration; cf. [4], [5], [6]](https://www.tunnel-online.info/imgs/1/5/1/5/7/0/2/02-kostenmodell-strassentunnel-geschlossene-offene-bauweise-querschnitt-neu-ccb79320a981517f.jpeg)
A research project on the expected costs and their development from the planning phase through tendering to invoicing was carried out in order to establish a reliable basis for the resource planning of tunnels. This was investigated by a consortium consisting of the Institute for Tunneling and Construction Management at the Ruhr-University Bochum and the engineering offices BUNG and Schüssler Plan. The study was funded by the Federal Highway Research Institute on behalf of the German Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure.
1 Introduction
The cost estimations in early planning stages are subject to great uncertainties in tunnel construction compared to building structures. This is mainly due to the geotechnical uncertainties and new emerging challenges in each individual tunnel project. As a result, tunnel construction projects, unlike building construction projects, require different approaches to cost estimation, especially when taking financial risks into account.
In the past, cost estimation approaches have been developed for various types of road tunnels. Primarily, this was carried out in research projects...
