If one considers an injection campaign for sealing fault zones in tunnelling with regard to the quantity of data obtained, one has to reckon with up to 500 injection points daily, or with, for example, three injection passes per metre and not infrequently 50 advance injection boreholes per round. Assuming a drilling depth of only 20 m, this already results in 3000 injections. For drilling and injection, equipment is used that records numerous measured values and parameters, such as different pressures and flow rates as well as rotation speed.
Calculated briefly, this means that for an average 30-minute injection alone, more than 5000 measured values are recorded and processed. That adds up to an incredible 1 000 000 readings for a comparatively conservative 200 injections. Every day. And this flood of data only concerns the logged series of readings from the injection operations. In addition, drilling data or, for example, construction process data, signs of wear and reactions of the rock also contribute to the accumulation of data.
Extreme working conditions at an altitude of more than 3000 m above sea level, water ingress of more than 250 litre/sec, high rock pressures with extreme deformations and rapid changes in rock...
Railway tunnels pose a special challenge for door systems: dynamic alternating pressure loads of up to 10 kPa at several million load changes and static pressures of up to 30 kPA are requirements that...
For tunnelling projects in inner-city areas, geotechnical modelling of the ground and monitoring during the construction phase ensure that the existing surface development is not damaged by ground...
It is generally known that the design of segments tends to become thinner and thinner due to cost, handling and environmental aspects. Consequently, the contact area between the segment rings is also...
The largest hard rock TBM ever to bore in the USA, an 11.6 m diameter Robbins Main Beam TBM, had a big task ahead. The unique machine was designed to undergo a planned diameter change mid-way through its bore of the Mill Creek Drainage Relief Tunnel. The final machine size? A more compact 9.9 meters.
The support pressure of tunnel boring machines (TBM) determines the stability of the tunnel face during excavation. The calculation of the necessary support pressure in turn requires a fundamental...
For a safe and economical design of structures in jointed rock, a realistic consideration of the interaction between rock mass and structure is required. This requirement is neither fulfilled by the...
The 1.35 km long Arlinger Tunnel is part of the first construction phase of the “Westtangente Pforzheim”, the connecting axis of the German federal roads 294 and 463 from the Black Forest to the...
